翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Insulator ・ Insulator (electricity) ・ Insulator (genetics) ・ Insulator Museum ・ Insulin ・ Insulin (medication) ・ Insulin analog ・ Insulin aspart ・ Insulin degludec ・ Insulin detemir ・ Insulin for Life USA ・ Insulin glargine ・ Insulin glulisine ・ Insulin index ・ Insulin lispro ・ Insulin oscillation ・ Insulin pen ・ Insulin port ・ Insulin potentiation therapy ・ Insulin pump ・ Insulin receptor ・ Insulin receptor substrate ・ Insulin resistance ・ Insulin shock therapy ・ Insulin signal transduction pathway and regulation of blood glucose ・ Insulin tolerance test ・ Insulin-degrading enzyme ・ Insulin-induced gene 1 protein ・ Insulin-like growth factor ・ Insulin-like growth factor 1 Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Insulin oscillation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Insulin oscillation The insulin concentration in blood increases after meals and gradually returns to basal levels during the next 1-2 hours. However, the basal insulin level is not stable. It oscillates with a regular period of 3-6 min. After a meal the amplitude of these oscillations increases but the periodicity remains constant. 〔 〕 The oscillations are believed to be important for insulin sensitivity by preventing downregulation of insulin receptors in target cells. 〔 Such downregulation underlies insulin resistance, which is common in type 2 diabetes. It would therefore be advantageous to administer insulin to diabetic patients in a manner mimicking the natural oscillations. 〔 The insulin oscillations are generated by pulsatile release of the hormone from the pancreas. Insulin originates from beta cells located in the islets of Langerhans. Since each islet contains up to 2000 beta cells and there are one million islets in the pancreas it is apparent that pulsatile secretion requires sophisticated synchronization both within and among the islets of Langerhans. ==Mechanism== Pulsatile insulin secretion from individual beta cells is driven by oscillation of the calcium concentration in the cells. In beta cells lacking contact, the periodicity of these oscillations is rather variable (2-10 min). However, within an islet of Langerhans the oscillations become synchronized by electrical coupling between closely located beta cells that are connected by gap junctions, and the periodicity is more uniform (3-6 min). 〔 Pulsatile insulin release from the entire pancreas requires that secretion is synchronized between 1 million islets within a 25 cm long organ. Much like the cardiac pacemaker, the pancreas is connected to cranial nerve 10, and others, but the oscillations are accomplished by intrapancreatic neurons and do not require neural input from the brain. It is not entirely clear which neural factors account for this synchronization but ATP as well as the gasses NO and CO may be involved.〔 The effect of these neural factors is to induce sudden dramatic elevation of calcium in the cytoplasm by releasing calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the beta cells. This elevation results in release of ATP from the beta cells. The released ATP in turn binds to receptors on neighbouring beta cells leading to a regenerative wave of rapid calcium elevation among the cells within the islet. This signal is believed to entrain pulsatile insulin release from the islets into a common pancreatic rhythm. 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Insulin oscillation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.